Davranışsal bağımlılık ölçeği’nin (DBÖ) tasarımı, geliştirilmesi ve doğrulanması
Keywords:
Extreme sports, addiction, behavioral addiction, validity, reliability, scale developmentAbstract
Abstract. The concepts of addiction and motivation in extreme sports are examined within the context of Competitor Process Theory. This theory attempts to explain how negative experiences can become rewarding for many individuals. In this context, the study aimed to develop a new measurement tool based on this theory. A ten-stage process was followed to conduct the research and perform the statistical analyses. Data were collected from two separate sample groups. The first group comprised 605 participants and the second group comprised 200 participants. A total of 925 participants in extreme sports were included in the study. Item analyses were conducted using three different methods, revealing that the items had high discriminatory power. Factor analysis using the main axis factoring method and the Promax rotation technique revealed a three-factor structure consisting of 12 items, explaining 68.22% of the total variance. To test the validity of this structure, first- and second-level confirmatory factor analyses were applied. The fit indices obtained at both levels were found to be consistent with the acceptable limits specified in the literature. To evaluate the compound and discriminant validity of the measurement tool, AVE, CR and √AVE values were calculated, as well as the correlation coefficients between factors. These analyses revealed that each sub-dimension in the measurement model represented a different structure and met the validity conditions. To assess measurement reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated for both groups, revealing a high level of reliability in both sample groups. Regarding floor and ceiling effects, it was determined that these were not present in the data obtained using the measurement tool. Consequently, it was concluded that the 12-item, three-factor Behavioral Addiction Scale (BES), developed within the scope of this research, is a valid and reliable measurement tool for extreme sports.
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